What is a summary of findings table?Ī summary of findings table presents the main findings of a review in a transparent and simple tabular format. This might not be appropriate if the designs of the studies are too different, if the outcomes measured are not sufficiently similar, or if there are concerns about the quality of the studies, for an average result across the studies to be meaningful. Not every review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews contains a meta-analysis. This aims to provide a more precise estimate of the effects of an intervention and to reduce uncertainty. Many Cochrane Reviews measure benefits and harms by collecting data from more than one trial, and combining them to generate an average result. If the results of the individual studies are combined to produce an overall statistic, this is usually called a meta-analysis. Cochrane Reviews are therefore valuable sources of information for those receiving and providing care, as well as for decision-makers and researchers. ![]() These methods are described in detail in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews.Ĭochrane Reviews are updated to reflect the findings of new evidence when it becomes available because the results of new studies can change the conclusions of a review. Selection of studies for inclusion and evaluation of their strengths and limitations on the basis of clear, predefined criteria Identification of relevant studies from a number of different sources (including unpublished sources) Authors of Cochrane Reviews apply methods which reduce the impact of bias across different parts of the review process, including: Prototype reviews include other types of systematic review that do not yet have established standard methodology in Cochrane, such as scoping reviews, mixed-methods reviews, reviews of prevalence studies, and realist reviews.Ĭochrane Reviews base their findings on the results of studies that meet certain quality criteria, since the most reliable studies will provide the best evidence for making decisions about health care. Rapid reviews are systematic reviews accelerated through streamlining or omitting specific methods. Overviews of reviews synthesize information from multiple systematic reviews on related research questions. Methodology reviews explore or validate how research is designed, conducted, reported or used. Qualitative evidence syntheses investigate perspectives and experiences of an intervention or health condition. Prognosis reviews describe and predict the course of individuals with a disease or health condition. ![]() Intervention reviews assess the effectiveness/safety of a treatment, vaccine, device, preventative measure, procedure or policy.ĭiagnostic test accuracy reviews assess the accuracy of a test, device or scale to aid diagnosis. What is a Cochrane Review?Ī Cochrane Review is a systematic review of research in health care and health policy that is published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. ![]() Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit, systematic methods that are selected with a view aimed at minimizing bias, to produce more reliable findings to inform decision making. The third, modern, sense, "higher than, transcending, overarching, dealing with the most fundamental matters of," is due to misinterpretation of metaphysics (q.v.) as "science of that which transcends the physical." This has led to a prodigious erroneous extension in modern usage, with meta- affixed to the names of other sciences and disciplines, especially in the academic jargon of literary criticism: Metalanguage (1936) "a language which supplies terms for the analysis of an 'object' language " metalinguistics (by 1949) metahistory (1957), metacommunication, etc.About Cochrane Reviews What is a systematic review?Ī systematic review attempts to identify, appraise and synthesize all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a specific research question. The notion of "changing places with" probably led to the senses of "change of place, order, or nature," which was a principal meaning of the Greek word when used as a prefix (but it also denoted "community, participation in common with pursuing"). This is from PIE *me- "in the middle" (source also of German mit, Gothic miþ, Old English mið "with, together with, among"). "higher, beyond " from Greek meta (prep.) "in the midst of in common with by means of between in pursuit or quest of after, next after, behind," in compounds most often meaning "change" of place, condition, etc. ![]() Word-forming element of Greek origin meaning 1.
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